Wiring circuit

Showing posts with label system. Show all posts

Thursday, October 16, 2014

Simple Data accretion System Circuit Diagram

In this circuit, an HA-4900 series comparator is used in conjunction with a D/A converter to form a simple,

versatile, multichannel analog input for a data acquisition system. The processor first sends an address to the D/A, then the processor reads the digital word generated by the comparator outputs, lb perform a simple comparison, the processor sets the D/A to a given reference level, then examines one or more comparator outputs to determine if the inputs are above or below the reference. A window comparison consists of two such cycles with two reference levels set by the D/A. One way to digitize the inputs would be for the processor to increment the D/A in steps. The D/A address, as each comparator switches, is the digitized level of the input. While stairstepping, the D/A is slower than successive approximation; all channels are digitized during one staircase ramp.

Sunday, October 5, 2014

1999 Land Rover Defender Td5 Wiring Diagram and Electrical System

Herein you will find detailed explanation, description and schematics of the 1999 Land Rover Defender Td5 Wiring Diagram and Electrical System.

Power Distribution
Earth Distribution
Anti-theft Alarm
Engine Immobilization
Diagnostic Socket
Starting and Charging
Engine Management
Fuel Pump

Anti-lock Breaking System (ABS)
Air Conditioning
Heater
Heater Rear Window
Wipers and Washers
Exterior Lamps
Indicators and Hazards

Get more information regarding the 1999 Land Rover Defender Td5 Wiring Diagram and Electrical System here. (source: legionlandrover.com)

Thursday, September 18, 2014

Ups System mini

This circuit provides an uninterrupted power supply (UPS) to operate 12V, 9V and 5V DC-powered instruments at up to 1A current. The backup battery takes up the load without spikes or delay when the mains power gets interrupted. It can also be used as a workbench power supply that provides 12V, 9V and 5V operating voltages. The circuit immediately disconnects the load when the battery voltage reduces to 10.5V to prevent deep discharge of the battery. LED1 indication is provided to show the full charge voltage level of the battery. miniature white LEDs (LED2 and LED3) are used as emergency lamps during power failure at night.

Circuit diagram :

Mini Ups System Circuit Diagram

A standard step-down transformer provides 12V of AC, which is rectified by diodes D1 and D2. Capacitor C1 provides ripple-free DC to charge the battery and to the remaining circuit. When the mains power is on, diode D3 gets forward biased to charge the battery. Resistor R1 limits the charging current. Potentiometer VR1 (10k) with transistor T1 acts as the voltage comparator to indicate the voltage level. VR1 is so adjusted that LED1 is in the ‘off’ mode. When the battery is fully charged, LED1 glows indicating a full voltage level of 12V.

When the mains power fails, diode D3 gets reverse biased and D4 gets forward biased so that the battery can automatically take up the load without any delay. When the battery voltage or input voltage alls below 10.5V, a cut-off circuit is used to prevent deep discharging of the battery. Resistor R3, zener diode ZD1 (10.5V) and transistor T2 form the cut-off circuit. When the voltage level is above 10.5V, transistor T2 conducts and its base becomes negative (as set by R3, VR2 and ZD1). But when the voltage reduces below 10.5V, the zener diode stops conduction and the base voltage of transistor T2 becomes positive. It goes into the ‘cut-off’ mode and prevents the current in the output stage. Preset VR2 (22k) adjusts the voltage below 0.6V to make T2 work if the voltage is above 10.5V.

When power from the mains is available, all output voltages—12V, 9V and 5V—are ready to run the load. On the other hand, when the mains power is down, output volt-ages can run the load only when the battery is fully charged (as indicated by LED1). For the partially charged battery, only 9V and 5V are available. Also, no output is available when the voltage goes below 10.5V. If battery voltage varies between 10.5V and 13V, output at terminal A may also vary between 10.5V and 12V, when the UPS system is in battery mode.

Outputs at points B and C provide 9V and 5V, respectively, through regulator ICs (IC1 and IC2), while output A provides 12V through the zener diode. The emergency lamp uses two ultra-bright white LEDs (LED2 and LED3) with current limiting resistors R5 and R6. The lamp can be manually switched ‘on’ and ‘off’ by S1. The circuit is assembled on a general purpose PCB. There is adequate space between the components to avoid overlapping. heat sinks for transistor T2 and regulator ICs (7809 and 7805) to dissipate heat are used.

The positive and negative rails should be strong enough to handle high current. Before connecting the circuit to the battery and transformer, connect it to a variable power supply. Provide 12V DC and adjust VR1 till LED1 glows. After setting the high voltage level, reduce the voltage to 10.5V and adjust VR2 till the output trips off. After the settings are complete, remove the variable power sup-ply and connect a fully-charged battery to the terminals and see that LED1 is on. After making all the adjustment connect the circuit to the battery and transformer. The battery used in the circuit is a 12V, 4.5Ah UPS battery.

http://www.ecircuitslab.com

Friday, September 5, 2014

How to Dial in Your Cars Audio System

Level setting, done by ear, is more art than science. It can be done using an oscilloscope but since few people have one of those laying around well cover doing it by ear. Basically you want to start with the first component in the chain (the head unit) and work your way to the last component (the amplifier).

1. Start by turning all of the input level adjustment knobs (gain controls) on your components fully counter-clockwise (to their minimum setting). Set the tone controls (bass, treble, loudness) on your head unit to no boost (bass and treble level = 0 and loudness is off). If you have more than one RCA pair you will want to set each gain adjustment separately. Make sure your fader and balance controls are set to the channel you want to adjust first. This can be an individual channel if you have individual gain adjustments or a pair of channels if you have one gain for two channels.

2. Next set all of your equalizers settings (if you have an equalizer) to the center (detent) position so they produce no boost or cut. What we want is as pure a signal as possible.

3. Put in some good quality source material, preferably a CD with strong output and a clean recording. Hard rock would be a bad choice here. Try something cleaner, maybe acoustic, that youre familiar with.

4. Turn the decks volume up slowly until you begin to hear distortion. When you hear it, stop and back off slightly until you no longer hear it. If you dont hear distortion, even when the volume is all of the way up then you have a quality head unit. Thats what were looking for.

5. Now with your head unit at maximum undistorted volume move on to the next component. Adjust its input gain until you begin to hear distortion. Back off slightly.

6. Continue this process until you have all of the components in the chain at their maximum undistorted level.

7. When you reach the amplifiers you may need to wear earplugs to adjust them to their maximum level. As before, turn up the gain until you hear audible distortion. This should be audible even with earplugs in. But honestly, if you have to wear earplugs to listen the distortion level is probably not a factor :)

Thats it. Play some music and verify that everything sounds right. Congratulations! Youve just learned to properly adjust the settings on your car audio system.

Sunday, August 31, 2014

A Good Auto Sound System is a Requirement not a Luxury

How do you decide which auto sound system is best for you? This is a question that many consumers ask in the U. S. each and every day. The truth is that only you can decide what kind of sound you find enjoyable and what you are seeking in the sound system you will ultimately purchase. A good sound system will greatly improve how you feel about not only the vehicle you drive but also your disposition after your daily commute. It may seem like such a small thing, the changing of a sound system, but it does seem to have such a profound impact on how we start our days. Of course we all know that getting your day off to a good start sets the tone for the entire day and if that day is Monday it sets the tone for not only the day ahead but also the week to come.

Music affects almost every aspect of our lives. Most of us do not realize the impact that music has on our day-to-day lives and it is quite difficult because our world seems to be filled with it. It is much easier however, to explain the difference a good sound system makes. Its funny, I find myself in a hurry to get out of stores that have lousy sound systems and speakers that dribble out little more than static while I can shop for hours in a store that has tasteful music playing in the background over a good sound system. I prefer the volume lower and the music playing in the background rather than being the center of my attention.

Most of us find that soft music playing in the background is rather unobtrusive and allows us to get along with our thoughts and the mission at hand while loud music blaring over antiquated speakers does a great deal to disrupt our thought processes which will only serve to send us along to the next errand on our list. If youll notice it seems that clerks in the stores where the loud music blares along are often not as even tempered as those in stores that play music at respectful volumes and have very well kept sound systems. I think I would be cranky too after listening to music in a manner that music wasnt meant to be heard.

Im not a music snob by any means; I simply enjoy listening to music for the sake of actually hearing the music. Loud music is good sometimes but not when I have other things on my mind. I prefer that music remain in the background when Im running about taking care of errands, even in the car. The hallmark of a good auto sound system is that it sounds good even at low volumes. This means you can enjoy music in the background, hum along, or simply ignore the music in favor of the action taking place on the road.

The point Im trying to make is that even though you may not realize the impact that a good auto sound system has on music immediately, you will definitely feel the difference it makes over time. The better the sound system, the better the sound and music is after all, sound.

If you are a true lover of music and spend a great deal of your week or even any given day in your vehicle, doesnt it make sense to invest heavily in your auto sound system? I know for me that particular decision is a no brainer. I love music and it is an important part of not only my life but also the lives of my children. As a result we spend a lot of time listening to the radio in our SUV and singing along. Even when we arent listening to music, I enjoy listening talk radio and the news on NPR. These things are an important part of my day and I really enjoy all that each and every one adds to my life. Because of that, I find my investment in a good auto sound system to be a requirement rather than a luxury.

Saturday, August 30, 2014

water triggered alarm system with 555 timer

You can use this schema for you water tank.then you can know before over flowing your tank.on the other hand you can use this schema as a rain detector then you can know before rain comes.so I suppose this would be a so useful schema for you