Wiring circuit

Showing posts with label converter. Show all posts

Wednesday, October 29, 2014

Valve Sound Converter Schematic

This is the simple Valve Sound Converter Schematic. ‘Valve sound’ is not just an anachronism: there are those who remain ardent lovers of the quality of sound produced by a valve amplifier. However, not everyone is inclined to splash out on an expensive valve output stage or complete amplifier with a comparatively low power output. Also, for all their aesthetic qualities, modern valve amplifiers burn up (in the full sense of the word!) quite a few watts even at normal listening volume, and so are not exactly environmentally harmless. This valve sound converter offers a cunning way out of this dilemma. It is a low cost unit that can be easily slipped into the audio chain at a suitable point and it only consumes a modest amount of energy.

A valve sound converter can be constructed using a common-or-garden small-signal amplifier using a readily-available triode. Compared to using a pentode, this simplifies the circuit and, thanks to its less linear characteristic, offers even more valve sound. For stereo use a double triode is ideal. Because only a low gain is required, a type ECC82 (12AU7) is a better choice than alternatives such as the ECC81 (12AT7) or ECC83 (12AX7). This also makes things easier for home brewers only used to working with semiconductors, since we can avoid any difficulties with high voltages, obscure transformers and the like:the amplifier stage uses an anode voltage of only 60 V, which is generated using a small 24 V transformer and a voltage doubler (D3, D4, C4 and C5).

Since the double triode only draws about 2mA at this voltage, a 1 VA or 2 VA transformer will do the job. To avoid ripple on the power supply and hence the generation of hum in the converter, the anode voltage is regulated using Zener diodes D1 and D2, and T1. The same goes for the heater supply: rather than using AC, here we use a DC supply, regulated by IC1. The 9 V transformer needs to be rated at at least 3 VA. As you will see, the actual amplifier circuit is shown only once. Components C1 to C3, R1 to R4, and P1 need to be duplicated for the second channel.

The inset valve symbol in the circuit diagram and the base pinout diagram show how the anode, cathode and grid of the other half of the double triode (V1.B) are connected. Construction should not present any great difficulties. Pay particular attention to screening and cable routing, and to the placing of the transformers to minimise the hum induced by their magnetic fields. Adjust P1 to set the overall gain to 1 (0 dB). The output impedance of 47 kΩ is relatively high, but should be compatible with the inputs of most power amplifiers and preamplifiers.

For a good valve sound, the operating point of the circuit should be set so that the audio output voltage is in the region of a few hundred millivolts up to around 1.5 V. If the valve sound converter is inserted between a preamplifier and the power amplifier, it should be before the volume control potentiometer as otherwise the sound will change significantly depending on the volume. As an example, no modifications are needed to an existing power amplifier if the converter is inserted between the output of a CD player and the input to the amplifier.

Author : Stefan Dellemann

Tuesday, October 28, 2014

70 260VAC to180 350VDC voltage converter

Using circuit diagram below can be built a voltage converter, able to convert a 70-260V AC to a 180-350V DC voltage.

For this, a rectifier contained in a MC34161 is used, as a voltage doubler for low input voltages and as rectifier for high standard input voltage.

A variation of four times of the input voltage is reflected in a variation of not more than two times in output voltage.

MC34161 has included a reference voltage source which supplies a voltage of 2.54 V to pin 1. The signal applied to pin 2 is compared with internal voltage of 1.27 V.

R2-R3 voltage divider provides change state of internal comparator which grow output input voltage over 135 V (pin 5 passes in 1 state). The potential at pin 2 is less than 1.27 V. Triac is blocked and disconnects median connection between the two output capacitors, C2 and C3, such that doubling output voltage can not be produced

When the input voltage is less than 135 V, pin 2 is maintained above the potential value of 1.27 V
Diodes D2 and D3 and capacitors C2 and C3 will function as voltage doubler.
Zener diode D5, together with R1 and C4, integrated circuit provides power to a stable source of 12 V. The time required passing standard rectifier circuit of the voltage doubler is determined by R4-C1.
Operating voltage of capacitors C2 and C3 must be> 250 V.

Monday, October 27, 2014

Converter with 2N3055 transistors

This plain converter using a Zener diode and a transistor into a 9V DC 12V DC battery power to the most 1A. The circuit is very simple to build, and requires just 3 electronic components, resistors, zener diodes and transistors. The 2N3055 transistors, 1N4738A Zener diode before Zener voltage and the same power. 3W, and perhaps wire wound resistor 3R type. Powering a expedient tool to avail yourself of 9V DC.

Converter with 2N3055 transistors

The output voltage of the following formula:

Zener voltage Vout = + 0.65V, 0.65V, which is the heart-emitter voltage of transistors

Saturday, October 25, 2014

Mosfet Snubber Flyback Converter Circuit

Mosfet Snubber Circuit in Flyback Converter , Typical flyback convertor with drain clamping circuits ZenBlock Zener with integrated blocking diode Philips Semiconductors new ZenBlockTM replaces double-diode-, RCD- or RC-snubbers in flyback convertors.

Mosfet Snubber Flyback Converter Circuit

The new components offer circuit designers the important benefits of lower component count and board usage, reduced EMI, optimal clamping at all loads and higher efficiency. Introducing The new ZenBlock combines the double diode snubber in one package. This leads to the following advantages:

-Fewer components.

-Reduced circuit board space

-Lower EMI by reducing the drain clamp circuit length and area.

-Optimal clamp performance at all loads (compared with RCD and RC snubber)

-Higher efficiency at low loads (compared with RCD and RC snubber) . Previous circuit related to this circuit

Friday, October 24, 2014

Converter RS232 to Arduino Circuit Diagram

The circuit in this article is an RS232 converter, it is possible to connect an Arduino bootloader or your chip with a RS232 port. Here are two versions, one very simple and functional above and one below a little more sophisticated. The port 232 gives a bit more work than USB, but in case of equipment that only have this feature that is a good outlet.

Converter RS232 to Arduino Circuit Diagram

Monday, October 20, 2014

Affordable Cost Step Down Converter

The circuit described here is mostly aimed at development engineers who are looking for an economical step-down converter which offers a wide input volt-age range. As a rule this type of circuit employs a step-down converter with integrated switching element. However, by using a more discrete solution it is possible to reduce the total cost of the step-down converter, especially when manufacturing in quantity. The TL5001A is a low-cost PWM controller which is ideal for this project.

Low Cost Step Down Converter with Wide Input Voltage Range
Low-Cost-Step-Down-Converter-Schematic-Circuit-diagram

The input voltage range for the step-down converter described here is from 8 V to 30 V, with an output voltage of 5 V and a maximum output current of 1.5 A.

When the input voltage is applied the PWM output of IC1 is enabled, taking one end of the voltage divider formed by R1 and R2 to ground potential. The cur-rent through the voltage divider will then be at most 25 mA: this value is obtained by dividing the maximum input voltage (30 V) minus the saturation voltage of the output driver (2 V) by the total resistance of the voltage divider (1.1 kΩ). T1 and T3 together form an NPN/PNP driver stage to charge the gate capacitance of P-channel MOSFET T2 as quickly as possible, and then, at the turn-off point, discharge it again. The base-emitter junction of T3 goes into a conducting state when the PWM output is active and a voltage is dropped across R2. T3 will then also conduct from collector to emitter and the gate capacitance of T2 will be discharged down to about 800 mV. The P-channel MOSFET will then conduct from drain to source. If the open-collector output of the controller is deactivated, a negligibly small current flows through resistor R2 and the base of T1 will be raised to the input voltage level.

The base-emitter junction of T1 will then conduct and the gate capacitance of T2will be charged up to the input voltage level through the collector and emitter ofT1. The P-channel MOSFET will then no longer conduct from drain to source. This driver circuit constructed from discrete components is very fast, giving very quick switch-over times.

Diodes D2 and D3 provide voltage limiting for the P-channel MOSFET, whose maximum gate-source voltage is 20 V. If the Zener voltage of diode D2 is exceeded it starts to conduct; when the forward voltage of diode D3 is also exceeded, the two diodes together clamp the gate-source voltage to approximately 19 V. The switching frequency is set at approximately 100 kHz, which gives a good compromise between efficiency and component size.

Finally, a few notes on component selection. All resistors are 1/16 W, 1 %. Apart from electrolytic C1 all the capacitors are ceramic types. For the two larger values (C2 and C5) the following are used:

C2 is a Murata type GRM21BR71C105KA01 ceramic capacitor, 1 µF, 16 V, X7R, 10 %;.
C5 is a Murata type GRM32ER60J476ME20 ceramic capacitor, 47 µF, 6.3 V, X5R, 10 %.
D1 (Fairchild type MBRS340T3) is a 40 V/3 A Schottky diode. Coil L1 is a Würth WE-PD power choke type 744771147, 47 µH, 2.21 A, 75 mΩ.
T1 (BC846) and T3 (BC856) are 60 V, 200 mA, 310 mW complementary bipolar transistors from Vishay.
The TL5001AID (IC1) is a low-cost PWM controller with an open-collector output from Texas Instruments. Source by Link

Saturday, October 18, 2014

5V to 12V DC LM2577 Converter step up Voltage Regulator

This is Circuit DC to DC Converter Step up Voltage Regulator From 5V To 12V 1A Regulated Output.

LM2577 (3A)
DC to DC step up voltage regulator.
Wide input voltage 3.5Vdc to 40Vdc.
Component list
- 2.2k 1/4W resistor
- 0.1uF capacitor
- 0.33uF capacitor
- 680uF 50V electrolytic capacitor
- 1N5822 high speed schottky diode (3A)
- wire coil inductor, 100uH
- “for LM2577-adj IC” 20k multi-turn variable resistor, set to ratio to R2=2k, R1=18k for voltage output of 12Vdc before soldering
Part number:
- LM2577-12 (12Vdc output)
- LM2577-15 (15Vdc output)
- LM2577-ADJ (1.23Vdc to 37Vdc output)

Friday, September 19, 2014

Affordable Cost Step Down Converter

The schema described here is mostly aimed at development engineers who are looking for an economical step-down converter which offers a wide input volt-age range. As a rule this type of schema employs a step-down converter with integrated switching element. However, by using a more discrete solution it is possible to reduce the total cost of the step-down converter, especially when manufacturing in quantity. The TL5001A is a low-cost PWM controller which is ideal for this project.

Low Cost Step Down Converter with Wide Input Voltage Range

Low-Cost-Step-Down-Converter-Schematic-Circuit-diagram

The input voltage range for the step-down converter described here is from 8 V to 30 V, with an output voltage of 5 V and a maximum output current of 1.5 A.

The base-emitter junction of T1 will then conduct and the gate capacitance of T2will be charged up to the input voltage level through the collector and emitter ofT1. The P-channel MOSFET will then no longer conduct from drain to source. This driver schema constructed from discrete components is very fast, giving very quick switch-over times.

C2 is a Murata type GRM21BR71C105KA01 ceramic capacitor, 1 µF, 16 V, X7R, 10 %;.
C5 is a Murata type GRM32ER60J476ME20 ceramic capacitor, 47 µF, 6.3 V, X5R, 10 %.
D1 (Fairchild type MBRS340T3) is a 40 V/3 A Schottky diode. Coil L1 is a Würth WE-PD power choke type 744771147, 47 µH, 2.21 A, 75 mΩ.
T1 (BC846) and T3 (BC856) are 60 V, 200 mA, 310 mW complementary bipolar transistors from Vishay.
The TL5001AID (IC1) is a low-cost PWM controller with an open-collector output from Texas Instruments. Source by Link

Thursday, September 18, 2014

Low Cost Step Down Converter With Wide Input Voltage Range

The circuit described here is mostly aimed at development engineers who are looking for an economical step-down converter which offers a wide input voltage range. As a rule this type of circuit employs a step-down converter with integrated switching element. However, by using a more discrete solution it is possible to reduce the total cost of the step-down converter, especially when manufacturing in quantity. The TL5001A is a low-cost PWM controller which is ideal for this project. The input voltage range for the step-down converter described here is from 8 V to 30 V, with an output voltage of 5 V and a maximum output current of 1.5 A.

When the input voltage is applied the PWM output of IC1 is enabled, taking one end of the voltage divider formed by R1 and R2 to ground potential. The current through the voltage divider will then be at most 25 mA: this value is obtained by dividing the maximum input voltage (30 V) minus the saturation voltage of the output driver (2 V) by the total resistance of the voltage divider (1.1 kΩ). T1 and T3 together form an NPN/PNP driver stage to charge the gate capacitance of P-channel MOSFET T2 as quickly as possible, and then, at the turn-off point, discharge it again.

The base-emitter junction of T3 goes into a conducting state when the PWM output is active and a voltage is dropped across R2. T3 will then also conduct from collector to emitter and the gate capacitance of T2 will be discharged down to about 800 mV. The P-channel MOSFET will then conduct from drain to source. If the open-collector output of the controller is deactivated, a negligibly small current flows through resistor R2 and the base of T1 will be raised to the input voltage level. The base-emitter junction of T1 will then conduct and the gate capacitance of T2 will be charged up to the input voltage level through the collector and emitter of T1.

The P-channel MOSFET will then no longer conduct from drain to source. This driver circuit constructed from discrete components is very fast, giving very quick switch-over times. Diodes D2 and D3 provide voltage limiting for the P-channel MOSFET, whose maximum gate-source voltage is 20 V. If the Zener voltage of diode D2 is exceeded it starts to conduct; when the forward voltage of diode D3 is also exceeded, the two diodes together clamp the gate-source voltage to approximately 19 V. The switching frequency is set at approximately 100 kHz, which gives a good compromise between efficiency and component size.

Finally, a few notes on component selection. All resistors are 1/16 W, 1 %. Apart from electrolytic C1 all the capacitors are ceramic types. For the two larger values (C2 and C5) the following are used:

C2 is a Murata type GRM21BR71C105KA01 ceramic capacitor, 1 µF, 16 V, X7R, 10 %;
C5 is a Murata type GRM32ER60J476ME20 ceramic capacitor, 47 µF, 6.3 V, X5R, 10 %. D1 (Fairchild type MBRS340T3) is a 40 V/3 A Schottky diode. Coil L1 is a Würth WE-PD power choke type 744771147, 47 µH, 2.21 A, 75 mΩ.
T1 (BC846) and T3 (BC856) are 60 V, 200 mA, 310 mW complementary bipolar transistors from Vishay. The TL5001AID (IC1) is a low-cost PWM controller with an open-collector output from Texas Instruments.

Saturday, September 13, 2014

Simple LT3582 12 DC 5V to 12V DC Converter

Using LT3582-12 dual channel DC DC converter integrated schema, manufactured by Linear Technology, can be designed a very simple step up dc converter. This 5 to 12V c converter electronic project provide both positive and negative outputs required in many biasing applications such as active matrix OLED (organic light-emitting diode)displays as well as CCD (charge coupled device) applications.

Simple LT3582-12 DC 5V to 12V DC Converter Circuit Diagram

Saturday, September 6, 2014

Versatile DC DC Converter Wiring diagram Schematic

Here is a versatile power coupler that connects a device to 5V-19V DC generated from AC mains by a power adaptor. Power adaptors come in different voltage outputs like 5V (for mobile phones), 12V (for external hard drives) and 19V (for laptops). Sometimes the power adaptor may have a voltage rating higher than the required voltage. With the converter schema given here, the adaptor can be used to power any device at a lower voltage.

For instance, by using a 19V laptop adaptor, you can power a TTL schema at 5V. There can also be other instances when one needs a 3V or 6V supply. All these and many other intermediate voltages are easily possible with this versatile converter schema when used together with any off-hand power adaptor.

Circuit diagram :

Versatile DC-DC Converter Circuit diagram

Fig. 1 shows the schema of the DC-DC converter. Smooth reduction in the voltage is achieved using the LM317 regulator IC. The complete unit can fit inside a piece of a glue stick tube.

Adjusting variable resistor VR1 gives the desired output voltage. The output voltage is read using a 0-100µA ammeter, whose series resistance R* is chosen such that the maximum desired voltage could be covered. For instance, if full-scale deflection (FSD) current of the meter is 100 µA and you need an output voltage of up to 15V, then R* = 15/0.0001 = 150 kΩ. The desired value of R* is obtained by using 150-kilo-ohm preset VR2.

Use of a variable resistor which also has an on/off switch like the one in old radios is recommended. It will cut off the coupler from the input power supply without having to accomodate an additional switch. Also, use a heat-sink with LM317 to handle the desired amount of power.

Assemble the schema on a small general-purpose PCB and enclose in a suitable case. Fit the entire PCB inside a glue stick tube as shown in Fig. 2. Affix the female and male connectors on the opposite ends and place the ammeter in between the stick tube. You can directly read the output voltage on the ammeter after due calibration.

Note. You can use a suitable VU meter instead of 0-100µA ammeter and calibrate accordingly.

Source By Streampowers

Sunday, August 31, 2014

Build a Voltage To Frequency Converter Wiring diagram Schematic 2

Build a Voltage-To-Frequency Converter Circuit Diagram 2. Using a Burr-Brown VFC 32 IC, this voltage-to-frequency converter uses few components. The schema values are shown in the figure. This charge-balanced V/F converter uses a VFC32 or a VFC320 IC.

The positive charge from the 1-mA balances the negative charge from the input. V/F converter waveforms are shown in Fig. 100-l(b).

Voltage-To-Frequency Converter Circuit Diagram 2

Simple 12V to 250V Converter

A very simple portable 12v to 250V converter can be designed using this schema diagram. This 12 to 250V converter is designed for portable use with a 12 V car battery.A built astabil multivibrator T1 and T2 generates a rectangular wave at a frequency of 50 Hz. As T1 and T2 drive alternative exit stage system also works in "push-pull". When T1 lead by passing a current T3: T5 and that it engages the latter transistor connects to a half battery of 12 V secondary winding of the transformer Tr When T2 network drive, T6 transistor coupled to the battery the other half of the network adapter.

Simple 12V to 250V Converter Circuit Diagram

If it is used for output stages 40 411 RCA transistors, the current through secondary winding can be up to 10 A, giving a power output of 180 watts. If you use 2N3055 transistors, power output will be about 90 watts. Since the output transistors are driven to saturation, they have very high mounted radiators.Although schema is simple construction and has high efficiency disadvantage is rectangular output voltage which, in the absence of a regulator is dependent on task: small loads, the output voltage is 250 V ac (not working properly for the engine speed control, light dimmers, televisions, hi-fi equipment.